What is LIGO Gravity Waves Observation? (2017 Nobel Prize in Physics)

This observation was honored with the Nobel Prize in physics in 2017, with the existence of gravitational waves (with a accuracy of 99.977%) on 11 February 2016. Let's examine in depth the three discoveries of this great invention, including Kip Thorne, the physics consultant of Interstellar.

The Nobel Prize for Physics this year, LOGO went to Kip Thorne, Rainer Weiss and Barry Barish with observations of gravitational waves.
Dictionary author "diarium", LIGO's working principle is simply explained
The moon revolves around the earth, and the moon and the world revolve around the sun. Why are they returning? because their mass attracts each other (see gravity).

but why do they attract each other?

Albert Einstein found a very simple answer to the theory of relativity. einstein united the three-dimensional space, that is, the length, width and height, together with time in four-dimensional space, and defined gravity as the change of that space time.

According to einstein, space time can be expressed as a plane. like a gigantic trampoline.


When a mass is placed on the trampoline, it changes the plane and the trampoline moves downwards. the larger the mass, the deeper the dent.
black holes have a large mass. black holes in the gravitational field, such as stars, planets and even objects such as light are swallowed by this dent and are destroyed forever.

now the two black holes get closer together, creating a larger black hole. taking into account the trampoline example, two normal depths are merged and a deeper dent is formed. The trampoline is starting to shake. this wave is called a gravitational wave.

This swings up / down. gravitational waves cause stress and compression. The changes that occur up / down are too small. The physicists aimed to detect these minor changes with the help of ligo, and they finally succeeded.

Working principle of ligo
a laser beam is divided into two beams in a semi-permeable mirror and perpendicular to the two arms of the interferometer. The rays are projected back to the mirror. thus the slightest changes in length (for example, caused by gravitational waves) can be noticed.
It is possible to determine where the gravity waves come from, even with the help of interference gauges placed at different points.

The astronomers explore the space in the visible light field or with the help of radio waves or gamma rays.
After the proof of gravitational waves, perhaps in the coming years they will be aware of what is happening in the dark (such as the collision of two black holes).

Who knows, maybe they track the big bang.

The gravitational wave observed in this experiment is a wave that emerged as a result of the merger of two black holes at a distance of 1.3 billion light years.

that is, the event occurred 1.3 billion years ago, and this wave is still reaching our world. one of the combined black holes has a mass of 36, while the other has a mass of 29 solar masses. One of the basic principles of physics is the law of conservation of mass. however, in this total, not less than 3 masses of masses seem to have disappeared. yes, the mass is preserved, but the most extreme phenomena of the universe, such as the black holes, are not even the work of the matter. This is the case in question: as a result of the merger of these two black holes, 3 solar masses are scattered into the space in the form of gravitational waves as pure energy. 3 solar masses may sound a little less.
then think
our star will continue to burn for 10 billion years in the sun (the fact that the sun in the sun is not something like fire burning, it is not even relevant, in the sense that the process continues to be burned, in other words it is used in a kind of figurative sense) and the sun is 10 billion every second it emits enough energy to equal the explosion of the thermonuclear bomb. that is, you need to find out how many seconds it takes 10 billion years to find the total energy to be derived from a solar mass; If we say "t" seconds, the total energy of 10 billion thermonuclear bombs "e" to say, e * t (e times t) energy is stored in 1 sun.

that is, the energy emitted as gravitational waves is 3 times as much and the whole energy is spread in a very short time. it is not possible for the human brain to envisage it fully, but only mathematically. I think that it is not possible to envisage this phenomenon as small as a millionth of this. in comparison, within this short period of time, 50 times more energy is emitted than the total emission of all the stars in the observable universe as visible light, x-ray and radio wave. in short, a cosmic earthquake. a cataclysm, a catastrophe ... as the words seem to be pointless and ineffective.
ligo is able to
1.3 billion light years away (a magnitude that our mind cannot envision, only 1 light-year is about 9.5 trillion miles) As gravitational waves set off 1.3 billion years ago (as you will understand, these waves are spreading at the speed of light) reach 4,000 m observing the flexes and jams in their tunnels and revealing the existence and characteristic (frequency-magnitude) of the wave. The substance exposed to the gravitational wave is squeezed in one way while it is compressed in the other.
the amount of this stretch and the amount of jams is approximately 10 per thousand of the size of a proton. measuring a distance change of 10 thousandths of a protonon size is like measuring the distance between the earth and the closest star on the cosmic scale with a margin of error as much as the thickness of a hair strand. In other words, when it was announced that human beings were detecting gravitational waves, he announced that he was able to perform such a precise measurement. already the most difficult part of the event are these technical issues. something that had been established decades ago to establish an observatory like ligo to detect a gravitational wave.
these studies have continued since the nineties; not something that is in a year. the biggest obstacle was to make such a precise measurement. Since the differential-periodic distance difference which is to be measured is too small, and even the factors that are alone in the world (such as detectors installed in relatively uninhabited places outside the city to be affected by factors such as traffic) are very likely to cause a measurement error. therefore, the positions of the mirrors used in the tunnels of the ligo are constantly checked and their positions corrected every day, the positions of the mirrors may even be affected by the movement of the moon.

The first trials of ligo are made between 2002 and 2010, but when it is seen that it is not sensitive enough for the measurements, it is focused on the closure and development of 5 years.
As a result of this 5-year study, the sensitivity of the ligo is increased approximately 10 times. not to mention: ligo'un one of livingston, louisiana, the other in kenford, washington, 3000 km far from each other, because the two separate detectors because the gravitational wave is detected by one of the same way to detect and confirm the result of that wave is the need. If there is only one detector in your hand, it is possible that this detector has detected the vibration caused by another natural phenomenon in the vicinity. if you have a second detector too far away from your hand, you will know that the detected detector is not a gravitational wave, but a local vibration.
it is predicted that more detectors will be installed in order to provide further information in the future, such as the location of the source of the wave in the universe.
for example, a ligo detector is expected to be installed in India until 2020. More than $ 600 million has been spent so far, more than a thousand scientists have worked for the development, design and improvement of the concept of ligo, and a total of 86 different institutions / institutes / universities have supported the experiment. Let's note that this is done by a light magazine: we have a scientist's kip thorne who gave his life on gravity. ligo was not developed in this process. Many problems have been overcome in many areas from electro-optics to construction, new problems have been solved, many articles have been published directly and / or indirectly and scientific work has been done.


In my opinion, one of the most impressive parts of the work is that the ligo can do such a great discovery when it has a considerably simple design.
In this sense, ligo must be one of the most concrete examples of the "beauty of simplicity" that science constantly encourages. The fact that these waves have already been discovered 100 years ago by Albert Einstein is the newest proof that Einstein is a great person. even after his death, he should be able to justify such a concrete and certain way, but rather an extraordinary genius.
After the development of the radio telescope and how we started to watch the universe from them everywhere, we will begin to listen to the universe with gravitational laser interferometers like ligo.
esa (european space agency) 's departing lisa pathfinder on December 3, 2015 is another promising step in this direction. In January 2016, the lisa pathfinder, which reached its target point about 1 million miles away from the world, is now standing at a point where the gravity of the sun and the world are resetting each other. The gold and platinum in the two cubes zero gravity in a perfect free fall and still experience the experience of recession. the slightest change in their position relative to each other can be measured with great precision, and the smallest amount of tectonics or wave that can change their position can be detected.

lisa pathfinder is a test attempt for the evolved laser interferometer space antenna (elisa), which is scheduled to be activated in 2034. The concept of elisa is 1 million km away from each other and includes 3 space probes connected to each other with lasers. the gravitational fluctuations / vibrations in the space-time texture are planned to be measured more accurately and accurately. With elisa, the greatest instrument ever built will be dedicated to the difficult waves of einstein. Europe's entry into this delightful race with an ambitious project like elisa is heralding that developments in this area will be experienced very quickly.
other than the concrete contributions of this type of work, I believe that it shows the poetic and epic aspects of science. I've always admired this type of success (or even more embodying) with the admiration of Jodie Foster's contact movie, and I'm fascinated by the admiration of looking at a galaxy as I go into space, of course, watching and watching the galaxy next to mine, comparing mine is just an exaggeration. ). science, like a movie we watch, like a song we listen to, like a poem or a novel we read, excites us, amazes us, admires it, or stuns it. more often than not, it gives more "awareness of life and existence" than those arts. most importantly, it refreshes our hopes and admiration for humanity.

This is one of the most honorable, most honorable things that man can do; what other steps can we awaken against human beings?
the dirty and immoral political strife, massacres, clashes, wars in these years, which is one of the rare things that offer hope to the human higgs boson, philae 67p'a landing, or ligo 's gravitational waves, such as success. we need to know more than ever before, of science, scientific curiosity and free thinking. because all of this is a product of free curiosity, irrigated with unlimited curiosity.
Anyway, I'm not going to stretch you any longer; As a result, the ligo, yet the first quarter of the century has not expired, has made one of the greatest scientific discoveries of humanity in the 21st century. thanks to the universe no longer will not only see the listening; Open your ears well humanity!
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