What is Hydro Forming?

The HidroÅŸekillendir; (water, viscous, polymeric material, etc.) in a closed container by means of a fluid medium. It first appeared in 1890 but its actual use is II. is a method of manufacturing that took place after World War II. Although the first researches have been carried out in the aviation sector in Germany and in Japan, in today's USA, Russia, France, Israel, universities and private research units are working intensively on various subjects. The method did not see much to be needed until sufficient information was available and some technical difficulties were not reached until the 1990s. After these years, especially in the automotive industry, using the hydroforming method has made a leap.

Most of sheet metal parts which are included in serial production technology, mainly in automotive and white goods sectors, are produced by molding method. Mold design and manufacturing for each part; the geometric complexity of the sheet material and the difficulty in determining the forming parameters lead to a considerable waste of time. Especially for some large sized parts (automotive bodies, large bodies used in the defense industry, etc.), mold design and manufacturing and shaping of the metal sheet require very large infrastructure and investment costs.
One of the advanced production methods applied to overcome these limitations of materials that are difficult to shape is the hydroforming process. In a normal molding method, while the parts are formed between two molds, a single mold is used in the method of sheet metal hydroforming. Since there is no need for mold conformity, the sheets in different thicknesses can be formed into a single mold. The parts that are shaped in a few steps by the classical forming method can be produced in one step by hydroforming. In addition, it is possible to obtain very complex shapes by utilizing the uniformity of the liquids on all sides of the press. In this method, since there is a homogeneously distributed charge distribution on the entire surface of the sheet material, the thinness of the sheet is less and a homogeneous thickness distribution can be obtained. Therefore, the sheets can be further shaped. In addition, the parts produced by hydroforming can have higher strength, better dimensional and geometric accuracy and lower surface roughness. In this respect, the material, time and energy necessary for the realization of sensitive and quality production are obtained in serious sense. In this method; the moving part called the punch for shaping the sheet material moves the sheet metal part in a controlled manner towards the high pressure fluid flow. If the stamp is a hoop pot, the sheet controls the flow of material in the forming sequence by pressing the die. The liquid pressure is increased when the punch is moved in the liquid.

In our country, a few universities are used in the production of complex sheet metal parts by TAI (Turkish Aerospace Industries), which produces aerial unmanned aerial vehicles, Atak attack helicopters, Hurkuş basic training aircraft and Göktürk and Göktürk-2 national observation satellites. In 2023 vision report on Turkey published on hidroşekillendir it is aimed to be among the top 10 suppliers in the world.
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