lipids

Lipids, such as carbohydrates, are also the second group of basic hydrocarbon derivatives containing primarily carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; but may contain other elements, especially phosphorus and nitrogen. In its simplest form, lipids are hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group at one end. These types of lipids are essentially nonpolar due to the long hydrocarbon "tails". Therefore, they are insoluble in water; but soluble in organic compounds such as ethers. Many of the lipids are more complex with ionic groups attached to the carboxyl end and long hydrophobic tails are universal.

oils

Neutral oils are well known lipids. The oils, which are important as energy storage materials in living organisms, also provide insulation, support and protection of the various parts of the body.
Each fat molecule is formed by the combination of glycerol and fatty acids. Glycerol (sometimes also called glycerin) has three carbon atom scaffolds each carrying a hydroxyl (OH) group. Illustratively, all alcohols carry at least one - CH2OH group, so glycerol is an alcohol.
Fatty acids include the carboxyl group, like all organic acids. When a double bond of oxygen and an --OH group is attached to the same carbon atom, the double bond of the oxygen - OH group makes the carboxyl group ionic and makes the compound behave like an acid since it facilitates the loss of hydrogen.
In terms of carbon chain length, there are many different fatty acids that vary in number of single or double bonds between carbon-carbon and in other properties. Fatty acids in edible oils and oils contain a double number of carbon atoms and most have a long carbon skeleton with 4 to 24 carbons; the three most known are stearic acid (18 carbons), palmitic acid (16 carbons) and linoleic acid (18 carbons).
Organic acids and alcohols have a tendency to combine with condensation reactions. Glycerol can be combined with three molecular fatty acids to form an oil molecule with three hydroxyls that it possesses. Therefore, fats are sometimes called triglycerides. Different fats vary in their fatty acids.
Medical discussions on nutritional circulation on saturated and unsaturated fats are quite extensive. In saturated fat molecules, the maximum number of hydrogen atoms is bound to each carbon as possible, so there is no double bond between carbon-carbon. Fatty acids in unsaturated fats (or perhaps because they are liquids at room temperature, perhaps because they are liquids) have at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond, that is, they are not fully saturated with hydrogen (double bond forms on the straight chain to prevent solidification). There is good evidence that excessive intake of saturated fats is one of the factors that cause atherosclerosis in humans. arteriosclerosis; is a disease caused by accumulation of fat on the arterial walls that can partially cause blood flow, which can lead to paralysis or a heart attack.
Because oils are synthesized by condensation reactions, they can be degraded by hydrolysis to building blocks such as complex carbohydrates; as it is in the digestive tract. Even if the oils are metabolized slowly, they contain 25 times more available energy per gram of monosaccharides. It is good material for long term energy storage. However, if the average person's energy stored in the oil (about a month's supply) was provided in the form of sugar, each unit would be 25-30 kg heavier.

Fosfolipitler

Various lipids contain a phosphate group at the carboxyl end of the chain. The most common of these phospholipids is those containing a unit of glycerol, two units of fatty acid and a group of phosphates attached to a nitrogenous group. The phosphate group is linked to the point where the third fatty acid in the glycerol oil should bind. Since the phosphate group is prone to lose hydrogen ion, one of the oxygen is negatively charged; Similarly, the electronegative nitrogen tends to attract hydrogen ions and is therefore positively charged.
In short, fostolipidine phosphate is a very strong ionic group containing phosphate and nitrogen groups, and as such is water-soluble, the other is non-polar and insoluble, containing two long hydrocarbon tails of fatty acid. These strange features of solubility are very suitable for one end to dissolve and the other to dissolve so that the phospholipids function as a basic component of the cell membrane.

Steroyitler

Because their solubility characteristics are similar to those of solid fats, oils, waxes and phospholipids, they are structurally distinct from other lipids described even though they are widely classified within lipids. They are not based on the binding of fatty acids and an alcohol. Instead, they are complex molecules composed of four rings and various side groups linked by carbon atoms. Stroyites are very biologically important. Some vitamins and hormones are steroids and steroids are often found in living cells, especially as structural elements in cell membranes.
Source: poxox.com learn
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