Astronomy and Physics Development


It can be said that Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) was the first modern scientist working on this subject. Copernicus has argued that the Sun is not around the Earth but on the contrary, the Earth has returned to a certain orbit around the Sun. This hypothesis explains why more distant planets such as Jupiter are changing the direction of the stars in the background to about once a year. This reversal stems from the fact that Earth "passed" the others on the way around the Sun. This hypothesis also explains why Venus and Mercury are never far from the Sun because their orbits are closer to the Sun than the Earth. Although so descriptive, the ideas of Copernicus were not readily accepted, and Aristotle's model dominated western science for a long time.
The most influential and last darbey to Aristotle's model was the reduction of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) from Padua University. Galileo is probably the first researcher to fully use the scientific method.
Many experiments have shown that most of the Aristotelian physics are wrong. For example, Aristotle thought that if an object was two times heavier than the other, it would fall slightly at the same rate twice as fast, but Galileo showed that these were exactly the same as measuring two such cisminic movements . This result showed that it was a great mistake in the understanding of physics that was accepted until that day. Galileo also finds inertia theory, so that when an object starts moving, it continues to move in the same direction and at the same speed if it does not affect any force in the opposite direction (such as friction or gravity). The theory of inertia produced a great influence in the viewpoint of Western science.
Galileo was supposed to be the first scientist to examine the sky with telescopes, and he realized that Aristotle's thoughts were wrong. The moon is not an extraordinary sphere, but the fact that the mountains and craters are on it, that the Sun is not perfect and constant, there are stains on it, that they move and disappear from time to time, that Venus is different from time to time, that it reflects more rays, centered orbit, that Copernicus was around our star, and that it was in the form of a horn, according to the primitive telescope used by Saturn, not in the form of a sphere, and that there were four orbits revolving around Jupiter, like the planets circling the sun.
After Galileo's work, nobody can deny how valuable and wise it is to look directly at nature.
Perhaps one of the most striking scientists after Copernicus and Galileo was astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), an astrologer who explained the theory of Copernicus. Kepler describes the orbits of the planets in five perfect geometric shapes, so that the faces of a cube drawn on the surface facing Saturn's orbit occupy the surface of Jupiter, and a tetrahedral drawn into it defines the orbit of Mars. Kepler later tried to match the movements of the planets to the chords in the musical. These surveys eventually led to finding the real order of the solar system, meaning that the planets were rotated around the sun by their elliptical orbits and their distance to the sun.
Kepler's work is one of the best approaches to explain that there is a certain order in nature. If there was no particular order, science would be nothing more than a waste of time: the strengthening of the belief that the physical world is not governed by magical or evil powers, but rather universal rules and relationships that are not dependent on personal approaches, such as Isaac Newton (1642-1727) gave power to the scientists in the next period. His finding of Newton mechanics, calculus, optics and gravitational laws has always been rooted in this belief and has greatly contributed to the birth of modern physics.
Previous Post Next Post